The IDA Model of Cognition

IDA provides a conceptual (and computational) model of cognition implemented as a software agent. IDA “lives” on a computer system with connections to the Internet and various databases, and does personnel work for the US Navy, performing all the specific personnel tasks of a human. In particular, IDA negotiates with sailors in natural language, deliberates, and makes voluntary action selections in the process of finding new jobs for sailors at the end of their current tour of duty. IDA completely automates the work of Navy personnel agents (detailers).

The IDA model implements and fleshes out Global Workspace theory (Baars 1988, 2002), which suggests that conscious events involve widespread distribution of focal information needed to recruit neuronal resources for problem solving. The IDA implementation of GW theory yields a fine-grained functional account of the steps involved in perception, several kinds of memory, consciousness, context setting, and action selection. Cognitive processing in IDA consists of continually repeated traversals through the steps of a cognitive cycle

Franklin, S., A. Kelemen, and L. McCauley. 1998. IDA: A Cognitive Agent Architecture. In IEEE Conf on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. : IEEE Press.

McCauley, L., S. Franklin, and M. Bogner. 1999. An Emotion-Based "Conscious" Software Agent Architecture. International Workshop on Affect in Interaction; EC I3; Siena (Italy). October 20-22, 1999.

Negatu, A., and S. Franklin; 1999. Behavioral learning for adaptive software agents. Intelligent Systems: ISCA 5th International Conference. International Society for Computers and Their Applications - ISCA. Denver, Colorado; June 1999 .

Bogner, M., U. Ramamurthy, and S. Franklin. 2000. Consciousness" and Conceptual Learning in a Socially Situated Agent. In Human Cognition and Social Agent Technology, ed. K. Dautenhahn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Franklin, S. 2000. Learning in "Conscious" Software Agents. In Workshop on Development and Learning, ed. J. Wang. Michigan State University; East Lansing, Michigan, USA: NSF; DARPA; April 5-7, 2000.

Franklin, S. 2000. Deliberation and Voluntary Action in ‘Conscious’ Software Agents. Neural Network World 10:505-521.

Franklin, S. 2000. Modeling Consciousness and Cognition in Software Agents. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, Groeningen, NL, March 2000, ed. N. Taatgen. Veenendal, NL: Universal Press.
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Franklin, S. 2000. A "Consciousness" Based Architecture for a Functioning Mind. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Designing a Functioning Mind, Birmingham, England, April 2000, ed. A. Sloman. : .

Franklin, S. 2000. Building Life-Like "Conscious" Software Agents. Artificial Intelligence Communications 13:183-193.

Kondadati, R., D. Dasgupta, and S. Franklin; 2000. An Evolutionary Approach for Job Assignment. Ninth International ISCA Conference on Intelligent Systems; ISCA .

McCauley, L., S. Franklin, and M. Bogner. 2000. An Emotion-Based "Conscious" Software Agent Architecture. In Affective Interactions, Lecture Notes on Artificial Intelligence ed., vol. 1814, ed. A. Paiva. Berlin: Springer.

Franklin, S. 2001. Conscious Software: A Computational View of Mind. In Soft Computing Agents: New Trends for Designing Autonomous Systems, ed. V. Loia, and S. Sessa. Berlin: Springer (Physica-Verlag).

Franklin, S. 2001. Automating Human Information Agents. In Practical Applications of Intelligent Agents, ed. Z. Chen, and L. C. Jain. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Franklin, S.; 2001. An Agent Architecture Potentially Capable of Robust Autonomy. AAAI Spring Symposium on Robust Autonomy; American Association for Artificial Intelligence; Stanford, CA; March 2001.

Franklin, S., and A. Graesser. 2001. Modeling Cognition with Software Agents. In CogSci2001: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, ed. J. D. Moore, and K. Stenning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; August 1-4, 2001.

Kondadadi, R., and S. Franklin. 2001. A Framework of Deliberative Decision Making in "Conscious" Software Agents. In Proceedings Of Sixth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics (AROB-01).

Ramamurthy, U., A. Negatu, and S. Franklin; 2001. Learning Mechanisms for Intelligent Systems. SSGRR-2001 International Conference on Advances in Infrastructure for e-Business, e-Education and
e-Science on the Internet. L'Aquila, Italy; August 6-12, 2001 .

Franklin, S.; 2002. IDA on Will: It's no Illusion. Science and Consciousness Review. 2002.http://psych.pomona.edu/scr/ED_Sep02_IDAFreeWill.htm.

Keleman, A., R. Kozma, and Y. Liang. 2002. Neuro-Fuzzy Classification for the Job Assignment Problem. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. : IEEE.

Kelemen, A., Y. Liang, and S. Franklin. 2002. A Comparative Study of Different Machine Learning Approaches for Decision Making. In Recent Advances in Simulation, Computational Methods and Soft Computing, ed. E. Mastorakis. Piraeus, Greece: WSEAS Press.

Kelemen, A., Y. Liang, R. Kozma, and S. Franklin. 2002. Optimizing Intelligent Agent’s Constraint Satisfaction with Neural Networks. In Innovations in Intelligent Systems, ed. A. Abraham, and B. Nath. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag,.

McCauley, L., and S. Franklin. 2002. A Large-Scale Multi-Agent System for Navy Personnel Distribution. Connection Science 14:371-385.

Negatu, A., and S. Franklin. 2002. An action selection mechanism for 'conscious' software agents. Cognitive Science Quarterly 2:363-386.

Baars, B. J., and S. Franklin. 2003. How conscious experience and working memory interact. Trends in Cognitive Science 7:166-172.

Franklin, S. 2003; A computer-based model of Crick and Koch's Framework for Consciousness. Science and Consciousness Review. http://psych.pomona.edu/scr/editorials/20030301.html; ; 1 Mar 2003 .

Franklin, S. 2003. IDA: A Conscious Artifact? Journal of Consciousness Studies 10:47-66.

Franklin, S. 2003. An Autonomous Software Agent for Navy Personnel Work: A Case Study. In Human Interaction with Autonomous Systems in Complex Environments: Papers from 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium, ed. D. Kortenkamp, and M. Freed. Palo Alto: AAAI.

Franklin, S.; 2003. What the IDA model says about the LR situation. Science and Consciousness Review. http://www.sci-con.org/WW_IDAmodel.html .

Franklin, S. 2004 to appear. A "Consciousness" Based Architecture for a Functioning Mind. In Visions of Mind, ed. D. Davis. Hershey, PA: IDEA Group, Inc.

Franklin, S. 2004 to appear. Evolutionary Pressures and a Stable World for Animals and Robots: A Commentary on Merker. Consciousness and Cognition.

Franklin, S., and L. McCaulley. 2004. Feelings and Emotions as Motivators and Learning Facilitators. (Architectures for Modeling Emotions. AAAI Spring Symposia Technical Series Technical Reports; SS-04-02)

Ramamurthy, U., S. D'Mello, and S. Franklin. 2004 to appear. Modified Sparse Distributed Memory as Transient Episodic Memory for Cognitive Software Agents. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sstems, Man and Cybernetics. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.

Franklin, S., B. J. Baars, U. Ramamurthy, and M. Ventura. in review. The Role of Consciousness in Memory.

Negatu, A., T. L. McCauley, and S. Franklin. submitted. Automatization for Software Agents.

Ramamurthy, U., and S. Franklin. in review. Self-preservation mechanisms for Cognitive Software Agents. .